与PHP的jQuery Ajax POST例子

我正在尝试从窗体发送数据到数据库。 这是我正在使用的窗体:

<form name="foo" action="form.php" method="POST" id="foo"> <label for="bar">A bar</label> <input id="bar" name="bar" type="text" value="" /> <input type="submit" value="Send" /> </form> 

典型的方法是提交表单,但这会导致浏览器redirect。 使用jQuery和Ajax ,是否有可能捕获所有的表单数据并将其提交给PHP脚本(例如, form.php )?

.ajax基本用法如下所示:

HTML:

 <form id="foo"> <label for="bar">A bar</label> <input id="bar" name="bar" type="text" value="" /> <input type="submit" value="Send" /> </form> 

JQuery的:

 // Variable to hold request var request; // Bind to the submit event of our form $("#foo").submit(function(event){ // Prevent default posting of form - put here to work in case of errors event.preventDefault(); // Abort any pending request if (request) { request.abort(); } // setup some local variables var $form = $(this); // Let's select and cache all the fields var $inputs = $form.find("input, select, button, textarea"); // Serialize the data in the form var serializedData = $form.serialize(); // Let's disable the inputs for the duration of the Ajax request. // Note: we disable elements AFTER the form data has been serialized. // Disabled form elements will not be serialized. $inputs.prop("disabled", true); // Fire off the request to /form.php request = $.ajax({ url: "/form.php", type: "post", data: serializedData }); // Callback handler that will be called on success request.done(function (response, textStatus, jqXHR){ // Log a message to the console console.log("Hooray, it worked!"); }); // Callback handler that will be called on failure request.fail(function (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown){ // Log the error to the console console.error( "The following error occurred: "+ textStatus, errorThrown ); }); // Callback handler that will be called regardless // if the request failed or succeeded request.always(function () { // Reenable the inputs $inputs.prop("disabled", false); }); }); 

注意:由于jQuery 1.8, .success() .fail().always()不赞成使用.done() .fail().always()

请注意,上面的代码片段必须在DOM准备好之后完成,因此您应该将它放在$(document).ready()处理函数中(或者使用$()简写forms)。

提示:你可以像这样链接callback处理程序: $.ajax().done().fail().always();

PHP(即form.php):

 // You can access the values posted by jQuery.ajax // through the global variable $_POST, like this: $bar = isset($_POST['bar']) ? $_POST['bar'] : null; 

注意:始终清理发布的数据 ,以防止注入和其他恶意代码。

您也可以在上面的JavaScript代码中使用简写.post代替.ajax

 $.post('/form.php', serializedData, function(response) { // Log the response to the console console.log("Response: "+response); }); 

注意:上面的JavaScript代码是用于jQuery 1.8和更高版本的,但是它应该可以在之前的版本中使用jQuery 1.5。

要使用jQuery制作ajax请求,你可以通过下面的代码来做到这一点

HTML:

 <form id="foo"> <label for="bar">A bar</label> <input id="bar" name="bar" type="text" value="" /> <input type="submit" value="Send" /> </form> <!-- The result of the search will be rendered inside this div --> <div id="result"></div> 

JavaScript的:

方法1

  /* Get from elements values */ var values = $(this).serialize(); $.ajax({ url: "test.php", type: "post", data: values , success: function (response) { // you will get response from your php page (what you echo or print) }, error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) { console.log(textStatus, errorThrown); } }); 

方法2

 /* Attach a submit handler to the form */ $("#foo").submit(function(event) { var ajaxRequest; /* Stop form from submitting normally */ event.preventDefault(); /* Clear result div*/ $("#result").html(''); /* Get from elements values */ var values = $(this).serialize(); /* Send the data using post and put the results in a div */ /* I am not aborting previous request because It's an asynchronous request, meaning Once it's sent it's out there. but in case you want to abort it you can do it by abort(). jQuery Ajax methods return an XMLHttpRequest object, so you can just use abort(). */ ajaxRequest= $.ajax({ url: "test.php", type: "post", data: values }); /* request cab be abort by ajaxRequest.abort() */ ajaxRequest.done(function (response, textStatus, jqXHR){ // show successfully for submit message $("#result").html('Submitted successfully'); }); /* On failure of request this function will be called */ ajaxRequest.fail(function (){ // show error $("#result").html('There is error while submit'); }); 

.success().complete()callback从jQuery 1.8开始被弃用。 要准备代码以便最终删除它们,请改用.done() .fail().always()

MDN: abort() 。 如果请求已经发送,则此方法将中止请求。

所以我们现在已经成功发送ajax请求来抓取数据到服务器。

PHP

当我们在ajax调用( type: "post" )中发出一个POST请求时,我们现在可以使用$_REQUEST$_POST来获取数据

  $bar = $_POST['bar'] 

你也可以通过简单的方式看到你在POST请求中得到了什么,顺便说一句,确保$ _POST被设置为其他方式,你会得到错误。

 var_dump($_POST); // or print_r($_POST); 

而且你正在向数据库插入值,确保你正在敏感转义所有的请求(天气你做GET或POST)之前进行查询,最好将使用预处理语句

如果你想返回任何数据返回页面,你可以通过如下回显数据来做到这一点。

 // 1. Without JSON echo "hello this is one" // 2. By JSON. Then here is where I want to send a value back to the success of the Ajax below echo json_encode(array('returned_val' => 'yoho')); 

比你可以得到它

  ajaxRequest.done(function (response){ alert(response); }); 

有几个速记方法你可以使用下面的代码它做同样的工作。

 var ajaxRequest= $.post( "test.php",values, function(data) { alert( data ); }) .fail(function() { alert( "error" ); }) .always(function() { alert( "finished" ); }); 

我想分享如何使用PHP + Ajax发布的详细方法以及失败时返回的错误。

首先,创build两个文件,例如form.phpprocess.php

我们将首先创build一个form ,然后使用jQuery .ajax()方法提交。 其余部分将在评论中解释。


form.php

 <form method="post" name="postForm"> <ul> <li> <label>Name</label> <input type="text" name="name" id="name" placeholder="Bruce Wayne"> <span class="throw_error"></span> </li> </ul> <input type="submit" value="Send" /> </form> 

使用jQuery客户端validationvalidation表单,并将数据传递给process.php

 $(document).ready(function() { $('form').submit(function(event) { //Trigger on form submit $('#name + .throw_error').empty(); //Clear the messages first $('#success').empty(); //Validate fields if required using jQuery var postForm = { //Fetch form data 'name' : $('input[name=name]').val() //Store name fields value }; $.ajax({ //Process the form using $.ajax() type : 'POST', //Method type url : 'process.php', //Your form processing file URL data : postForm, //Forms name dataType : 'json', success : function(data) { if (!data.success) { //If fails if (data.errors.name) { //Returned if any error from process.php $('.throw_error').fadeIn(1000).html(data.errors.name); //Throw relevant error } } else { $('#success').fadeIn(1000).append('<p>' + data.posted + '</p>'); //If successful, than throw a success message } } }); event.preventDefault(); //Prevent the default submit }); }); 

现在我们来看看process.php

 $errors = array(); //To store errors $form_data = array(); //Pass back the data to `form.php` /* Validate the form on the server side */ if (empty($_POST['name'])) { //Name cannot be empty $errors['name'] = 'Name cannot be blank'; } if (!empty($errors)) { //If errors in validation $form_data['success'] = false; $form_data['errors'] = $errors; } else { //If not, process the form, and return true on success $form_data['success'] = true; $form_data['posted'] = 'Data Was Posted Successfully'; } //Return the data back to form.php echo json_encode($form_data); 

项目文件可以从http://projects.decodingweb.com/simple_ajax_form.zip下载。;

你可以使用序列化。 下面是一个例子。

 $("#submit_btn").click(function(){ $('.error_status').html(); if($("form#frm_message_board").valid()) { $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "<?php echo site_url('message_board/add');?>", data: $('#frm_message_board').serialize(), success: function(msg) { var msg = $.parseJSON(msg); if(msg.success=='yes') { return true; } else { alert('Server error'); return false; } } }); } return false; }); 

HTML

  <form name="foo" action="form.php" method="POST" id="foo"> <label for="bar">A bar</label> <input id="bar" class="inputs" name="bar" type="text" value="" /> <input type="submit" value="Send" onclick="submitform(); return false;" /> </form> 

JavaScript

  function submitform() { var inputs = document.getElementsByClassName("inputs"); var formdata = new FormData(); for(var i=0; i<inputs.length; i++) { formdata.append(inputs[i].name, inputs[i].value); } var xmlhttp; if(window.XMLHttpRequest) { xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest; } else { xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if(xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == 200) { } } xmlhttp.open("POST", "insert.php"); xmlhttp.send(formdata); } 

我用这种方式。它提交一切像文件

 $(document).on("submit", "form", function(event) { event.preventDefault(); var url=$(this).attr("action"); $.ajax({ url: url, type: 'POST', dataType: "JSON", data: new FormData(this), processData: false, contentType: false, success: function (data, status) { }, error: function (xhr, desc, err) { console.log("error"); } }); }); 
 <script src="jquery-1.7.2.js"></script> <form method="post" id="form_content" action="Javascript:void(0);"> <button id="desc" name="desc" value="desc" style="display:none;">desc</button> <button id="asc" name="asc" value="asc">asc</button> <input type='hidden' id='check' value=''/> </form> <div id="demoajax"></div> <script> numbers = ''; $('#form_content button').click(function(){ $('#form_content button').toggle(); numbers = this.id; function_two(numbers); }); function function_two(numbers){ if (numbers === '') { $('#check').val("asc"); } else { $('#check').val(numbers); } //alert(sort_var); $.ajax({ url: 'test.php', type: 'POST', data: $('#form_content').serialize(), success: function(data){ $('#demoajax').show(); $('#demoajax').html(data); } }); return false; } $(document).ready(function_two()); </script> 

如果你想使用jQuery Ajax发送数据,那么不需要表单标签和提交button

例:

 <script> $(document).ready(function () { $("#btnSend").click(function () { $.ajax({ url: 'process.php', type: 'POST', data: {bar: $("#bar").val()}, success: function (result) { alert('success'); } }); }); }); </script> <label for="bar">A bar</label> <input id="bar" name="bar" type="text" value="" /> <input id="btnSend" type="button" value="Send" /> 

我正在使用这个简单的一行代码多年没有问题。 (它需要jQuery)

 <script type="text/javascript"> function ap(x,y) {$("#" + y).load(x);}; function af(x,y) {$("#" + x ).ajaxSubmit({target: '#' + y});return false;}; </script> 

这里ap()表示ajax页面,af()表示ajax表单。 在一个表单中,只需调用af()函数就会将表单传递给url,并在所需的html元素上加载响应。

 <form> ... <input type="button" onclick="af('http://example.com','load_response')"/> </form> <div id="load_response">this is where response will be loaded</div> 
  handling ajax error and loader before submit and after submit success show alert bootbox with example: var formData = formData; $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: url, async: false, data: formData, //only input processData: false, contentType: false, xhr: function () { $("#load_consulting").show(); var xhr = new window.XMLHttpRequest(); //Upload progress xhr.upload.addEventListener("progress", function (evt) { if (evt.lengthComputable) { var percentComplete = (evt.loaded / evt.total) * 100; $('#addLoad .progress-bar').css('width', percentComplete + '%'); } }, false); //Download progress xhr.addEventListener("progress", function (evt) { if (evt.lengthComputable) { var percentComplete = evt.loaded / evt.total; } }, false); return xhr; }, beforeSend: function (xhr) { qyuraLoader.startLoader(); }, success: function (response, textStatus, jqXHR) { qyuraLoader.stopLoader(); try { $("#load_consulting").hide(); var data = $.parseJSON(response); if (data.status == 0) { if (data.isAlive) { $('#addLoad .progress-bar').css('width', '00%'); console.log(data.errors); $.each(data.errors, function (index, value) { if (typeof data.custom == 'undefined') { $('#err_' + index).html(value); } else { $('#err_' + index).addClass('error'); if (index == 'TopError') { $('#er_' + index).html(value); } else { $('#er_TopError').append('<p>' + value + '</p>'); } } }); if (data.errors.TopError) { $('#er_TopError').show(); $('#er_TopError').html(data.errors.TopError); setTimeout(function () { $('#er_TopError').hide(5000); $('#er_TopError').html(''); }, 5000); } } else { $('#headLogin').html(data.loginMod); } } else { // document.getElementById("setData").reset(); $('#myModal').modal('hide'); $('#successTop').show(); $('#successTop').html(data.msg); if (data.msg != '' && data.msg != "undefined") { bootbox.alert({closeButton: false, message: data.msg, callback: function () { if (data.url) { window.location.href = '<?php echo site_url() ?>' + '/' + data.url; } else { location.reload(true); } }}); } else { bootbox.alert({closeButton: false, message: "Success", callback: function () { if (data.url) { window.location.href = '<?php echo site_url() ?>' + '/' + data.url; } else { location.reload(true); } }}); } } } catch (e) { if (e) { $('#er_TopError').show(); $('#er_TopError').html(e); setTimeout(function () { $('#er_TopError').hide(5000); $('#er_TopError').html(''); }, 5000); } } } }); 

嗨,请检查这是完整的Ajax请求代码。

  $('#foo').submit(function(event) { // get the form data // there are many ways to get this data using jQuery (you can use the class or id also) var formData = $('#foo').serialize(); var url ='url of the request'; // process the form. $.ajax({ type : 'POST', // define the type of HTTP verb we want to use url : 'url/', // the url where we want to POST data : formData, // our data object dataType : 'json', // what type of data do we expect back. beforeSend : function() { //this will run before sending an ajax request do what ever activity you want like show loaded }, success:function(response){ var obj = eval(response); if(obj) { if(obj.error==0){ alert('success'); } else{ alert('error'); } } }, complete : function() { //this will run after sending an ajax complete }, error:function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError){ alert('error occured'); // if any error occurs in request } }); // stop the form from submitting the normal way and refreshing the page event.preventDefault(); });