重写到MVC后GUI不工作
我正在练习MVC风格的编程。 我在一个文件中有一个Mastermind游戏，工作正常（也许事实上，“检查”button在开始时是不可见的）。
http://paste.pocoo.org/show/226726/
但是当我重写它来build模，查看，控制器文件 – 当我点击空Pin（应该更新，并重新绘制新颜色） – 注意到会发生。 有人可以在这里看到任何问题吗？ 我试过把repaint（）放在不同的地方，但根本不起作用：/
主要：
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args){ Model model = new Model(); View view = new View("Mastermind", 400, 590, model); Controller controller = new Controller(model, view); view.setVisible(true); } } 型号：
import java.util.Random; public class Model{ static final int LINE = 5, SCORE = 10, OPTIONS = 20; Pin pins[][] = new Pin[21][LINE]; int combination[] = new int[LINE]; int curPin = 0; int turn = 1; Random generator = new Random(); int repaintPin; boolean pinsRepaint=false; int pinsToRepaint; boolean isUpdate = true, isPlaying = true, isRowFull = false; static final int HIT_X[] = {270,290,310,290,310}, HIT_Y[] = {506,496,496,516,516}; public Model(){ for ( int i=0; i < SCORE; i++ ){ for ( int j = 0; j < LINE; j++ ){ pins[i][j] = new Pin(20,0); pins[i][j].setPosition(j*50+30,510-i*50); pins[i+SCORE][j] = new Pin(8,0); pins[i+SCORE][j].setPosition(HIT_X[j],HIT_Y[j]-i*50); } } for ( int i=0; i < LINE; i++ ){ pins[OPTIONS][i] = new Pin( 20, i+2 ); pins[OPTIONS][i].setPosition( 370,i * 50 + 56); } } void fillHole(int color) { pins[turn-1][curPin].setColor(color+1); pinsRepaint = true; pinsToRepaint = turn; curPin = (curPin+1) % LINE; if (curPin == 0){ isRowFull = true; } pinsRepaint = false; pinsToRepaint = 0; } void check() { int junkPins[] = new int[LINE], junkCode[] = new int[LINE]; int pinCount = 0, pico = 0; for ( int i = 0; i < LINE; i++ ) { junkPins[i] = pins[turn-1][i].getColor(); junkCode[i] = combination[i]; } for ( int i = 0; i < LINE; i++ ){ if (junkPins[i]==junkCode[i]) { pins[turn+SCORE][pinCount].setColor(1); pinCount++; pico++; junkPins[i] = 98; junkCode[i] = 99; } } for ( int i = 0; i < LINE; i++ ){ for ( int j = 0; j < LINE; j++ ) if (junkPins[i]==junkCode[j]) { pins[turn+SCORE][pinCount].setColor(2); pinCount++; junkPins[i] = 98; junkCode[j] = 99; j = LINE; } } pinsRepaint = true; pinsToRepaint = turn + SCORE; pinsRepaint = false; pinsToRepaint=0; if ( pico == LINE ){ isPlaying = false; } else if ( turn >= 10 ){ isPlaying = false; } else{ curPin = 0; isRowFull = false; turn++; } } void combination() { for ( int i = 0; i < LINE; i++ ){ combination[i] = generator.nextInt(6) + 1; } } } class Pin{ private int color, X, Y, radius; public Pin(){ X = 0; Y = 0; radius = 0; color = 0; } public Pin( int r,int c ){ X = 0; Y = 0; radius = r; color = c; } public int getX(){ return X; } public int getY(){ return Y; } public int getRadius(){ return radius; } public void setRadius(int r){ radius = r; } public void setPosition( int x,int y ){ this.X = x ; this.Y = y ; } public void setColor( int c ){ color = c; } public int getColor() { return color; } }
视图：
import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class View extends Frame{ Model model; JButton checkAnswer; private JPanel button; private static final Color COLORS[] = {Color.black, Color.white, Color.red, Color.yellow, Color.green, Color.blue, new Color(7, 254, 250)}; public View(String name, int w, int h, Model m){ model = m; setTitle( name ); setSize( w,h ); setResizable( false ); this.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); button = new JPanel(); button.setSize( new Dimension(400, 100)); button.setVisible(true); checkAnswer = new JButton("Check"); checkAnswer.setSize( new Dimension(200, 30)); button.add( checkAnswer ); this.add( button, BorderLayout.SOUTH); button.setVisible(true); } @Override public void paint( Graphics g ) { g.setColor( new Color(238, 238, 238)); g.fillRect( 0,0,400,590); for ( int i=0; i < model.pins.length; i++ ) { paintPins(model.pins[i][0],g); paintPins(model.pins[i][1],g); paintPins(model.pins[i][2],g); paintPins(model.pins[i][3],g); paintPins(model.pins[i][4],g); } } @Override public void update( Graphics g ) { if ( model.isUpdate ) { paint(g); } else { model.isUpdate = true; paintPins(model.pins[model.repaintPin-1][0],g); paintPins(model.pins[model.repaintPin-1][1],g); paintPins(model.pins[model.repaintPin-1][2],g); paintPins(model.pins[model.repaintPin-1][3],g); paintPins(model.pins[model.repaintPin-1][4],g); } } void repaintPins( int pin ) { model.repaintPin = pin; model.isUpdate = false; repaint(); } public void paintPins(Pin p, Graphics g ){ int X = p.getX(); int Y = p.getY(); int color = p.getColor(); int radius = p.getRadius(); int x = X-radius; int y = Y-radius; if (color > 0){ g.setColor( COLORS[color]); g.fillOval( x,y,2*radius,2*radius ); } else{ g.setColor( new Color(238, 238, 238) ); g.drawOval( x,y,2*radius-1,2*radius-1 ); } g.setColor( Color.black ); g.drawOval( x,y,2*radius,2*radius ); } }
控制器：
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class Controller implements MouseListener, ActionListener { private Model model; private View view; public Controller(Model m, View v){ model = m; view = v; view.addWindowListener( new WindowAdapter(){ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){ System.exit(0); } }); view.addMouseListener(this); view.checkAnswer.addActionListener(this); model.combination(); } public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e ) { if(e.getSource() == view.checkAnswer){ if(model.isRowFull){ model.check(); } } } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { Point mouse = new Point(); mouse = e.getPoint(); if (model.isPlaying){ if (mouse.x > 350) { int button = 1 + (int)((mouse.y - 32) / 50); if ((button >= 1) && (button <= 5)){ model.fillHole(button); if(model.pinsRepaint){ view.repaintPins( model.pinsToRepaint ); } } } } } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {} public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e){} public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {} public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {} }
正如你所发现的， 模型 – 视图 – 控制器模式不是万能的，但它提供了一些优点。 根植于MVC中 ，Swing可分离模型体系结构在Swing体系结构概述中进行了讨论。 基于这个大纲 ，下面的例子展示了一个更简单的游戏的MVC实现，它展示了类似的原理。 请注意，该Modelpipe理一个随机select的单Piece 。 响应用户的select， View调用check()方法，同时通过update()从Model侦听响应。 该View然后使用从Model获得的信息更新自己。 同样， Controller可以reset() Model 。 特别是在Model没有画图，在View没有游戏逻辑。 这个稍微复杂的游戏是为了说明相同的概念而devise的。
附录：我已经修改了原始示例，以说明MVC如何在不改变Model本质的情况下增强View 。
附录：正如@akf所观察到的， MVC取决于观察者模式 。 您的Model需要一种方式来通知View的变化。 有几种方法被广泛使用：
-
在下面的例子中，
Model简单地扩展了Observable。 -
更常见的方法是使用
EventListenerList，如Converter应用程序中所示，并由大量EventListener子接口和实现类build议。 -
第三个选项是使用
PropertyChangeListener，如下所示。
附录：关于Swing控制器的一些常见问题在这里和这里讨论 。
import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Component; import java.awt.EventQueue; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.RenderingHints; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.util.Observable; import java.util.Observer; import java.util.Random; import javax.swing.Icon; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.JPanel; /** * @see https://stackoverflow.com/q/3066590/230513 * 15-Mar-2011 r8 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5274962 * 26-Mar-2013 r17 per comment */ public class MVCGame implements Runnable { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new MVCGame()); } @Override public void run() { JFrame f = new JFrame(); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.add(new MainPanel()); f.pack(); f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); f.setVisible(true); } } class MainPanel extends JPanel { public MainPanel() { super(new BorderLayout()); Model model = new Model(); View view = new View(model); Control control = new Control(model, view); JLabel label = new JLabel("Guess what color!", JLabel.CENTER); this.add(label, BorderLayout.NORTH); this.add(view, BorderLayout.CENTER); this.add(control, BorderLayout.SOUTH); } } /** * Control panel */ class Control extends JPanel { private Model model; private View view; private JButton reset = new JButton("Reset"); public Control(Model model, View view) { this.model = model; this.view = view; this.add(reset); reset.addActionListener(new ButtonHandler()); } private class ButtonHandler implements ActionListener { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String cmd = e.getActionCommand(); if ("Reset".equals(cmd)) { model.reset(); } } } } /** * View */ class View extends JPanel { private static final String s = "Click a button."; private Model model; private ColorIcon icon = new ColorIcon(80, Color.gray); private JLabel label = new JLabel(s, icon, JLabel.CENTER); public View(Model model) { super(new BorderLayout()); this.model = model; label.setVerticalTextPosition(JLabel.BOTTOM); label.setHorizontalTextPosition(JLabel.CENTER); this.add(label, BorderLayout.CENTER); this.add(genButtonPanel(), BorderLayout.SOUTH); model.addObserver(new ModelObserver()); } private JPanel genButtonPanel() { JPanel panel = new JPanel(); for (Piece p : Piece.values()) { PieceButton pb = new PieceButton(p); pb.addActionListener(new ButtonHandler()); panel.add(pb); } return panel; } private class ModelObserver implements Observer { @Override public void update(Observable o, Object arg) { if (arg == null) { label.setText(s); icon.color = Color.gray; } else { if ((Boolean) arg) { label.setText("Win!"); } else { label.setText("Keep trying."); } } } } private class ButtonHandler implements ActionListener { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { PieceButton pb = (PieceButton) e.getSource(); icon.color = pb.piece.color; label.repaint(); model.check(pb.piece); } } private static class PieceButton extends JButton { Piece piece; public PieceButton(Piece piece) { this.piece = piece; this.setIcon(new ColorIcon(16, piece.color)); } } private static class ColorIcon implements Icon { private int size; private Color color; public ColorIcon(int size, Color color) { this.size = size; this.color = color; } @Override public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) { Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g; g2d.setRenderingHint( RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g2d.setColor(color); g2d.fillOval(x, y, size, size); } @Override public int getIconWidth() { return size; } @Override public int getIconHeight() { return size; } } } /** * Model */ class Model extends Observable { private static final Random rnd = new Random(); private static final Piece[] pieces = Piece.values(); private Piece hidden = init(); private Piece init() { return pieces[rnd.nextInt(pieces.length)]; } public void reset() { hidden = init(); setChanged(); notifyObservers(); } public void check(Piece guess) { setChanged(); notifyObservers(guess.equals(hidden)); } } enum Piece { Red(Color.red), Green(Color.green), Blue(Color.blue); public Color color; private Piece(Color color) { this.color = color; } }
在通过Swing进行研究时，devise师一直在MVC实现中使用更新View组件的一种方法是通过Observer / Observablecallback。 在AbstractTableModel可以看到一个例子，它有各种各样的fireTable*Changed/Updated/etc方法，它们会将所有的TableModelListener的mods观察者提醒到模型。
你有一个select是添加一个监听器types到你的Model类，然后通知你的注册观察者任何MODS到你的模型的状态。 您的View应该是一个监听器，并且在收到更新时应该重新绘制自己。
编辑：+1垃圾。 考虑这个替代的措辞，他的解释。
